语法专题:定语从句


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发布时间:2015-11-28 11:45:00
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内容提要:在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句



1.关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时,常可省略。

Are these keys (that which) you were looking for

这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗?

The man (who/that) I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.

飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。

2.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。

I don't like the way (that in which) she walks.

我不喜欢她走路的样子。

The way (that in which) he answered the questions was surprising.

他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。

3.在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中,when, where, why可省略。

I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.

我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country.

那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。

F.定语从句与强调句型的区别

1.强调句型中的it是个引导词,本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was that,句子结构仍然完整,句意也完整。定语从句中的it是指示代词,做主句的主语。如果去掉it is/was that,句子结构不完整,意思也完整。

It is a question that needs careful consideration.

这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。(定语从句)

It is novels that she enjoys reading.(强调句型)

她喜欢阅读的是小说。(=She enjoys reading novels)

2.在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句;在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。

It was because she was ill that we decided t return. (强调句型)

正是因为她生病了,我们才决定回来。

Was it in this palace that the last emperor died (强调句型)

那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗?

Was it this palace where the last emperor died (定语从句)

这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗?

3.有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句,这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that或who在句中的作用。

It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.

他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。(that was set up last year 是定语从句,that在从句中作主语,并可被which替换)

It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest.

是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。(who came from our school 是定语从句,who在从句中作主语)

G.定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1.定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,起限定作用。而同

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