广东高考阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析

　　2.本末倒置

　　在分析原因和解释现象的阅读题中，命题者常常将原因和结果的关系颠倒，或者将概念的主次关系颠倒，也就是说把次要原因和主要原因或直接原因和间接原因混在一起，考生就需要仔细区分。

　　对于此类选项，可以采用“以果循因”或“以因循果”的方法，根据题干返回原文，寻找“原因”或“结果”，分清主次关系和直接间接原因，并检验其因果关系是否成立。

　　例如：2007年山东省高考英语阅读理解B中的64题：

　　The aim of the text would probably be _____.

　　A. to overcome primary school pupils’ reading difficulty

　　B. to encourage the publication of more children’s books

　　C. to remind children of the importance of reading for fun

　　D. to introduce a way to improve early childhood reading

　　这道题主要考察作者的写作目的。当年很多考生误选了C，“to remind children of the importance of reading for fun”是阅读的目的，也是作者介绍这一项目的设置目的，而不是本文的写作意图。这个选项的设置就颠倒了主次关系，企图以此来干扰考生。

　　3.张冠李戴

　　张冠李戴，也就是命题者有意地把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，或者把属于A的特征放在B的身上，从而构成一个干扰项。而考生不注意的情况下，就会错选答案。

　　针对这种选项，“对号入座”就是最佳的“排疑”方案。在阅读时可以用笔将对象标注出来，并将其对应的事件或细节描写对应起来，对号入座，避免混淆。

　　例如，2010年广东省高考英语阅读理解A第二段和第六段：

　　My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she . I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.”

　　The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.

　　42. From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was .

　　A. good a pretending

　　B. rude to the stockbroker

　　C. ready to help her mother

　　D. unwilling to phone for her mother

　　这道题中，选项B就是张冠李戴，由原文可以看出，“rude to the stockbroker”指的是“my mother”而不是作者，而题中问的是“the author was”。

　　4.偷梁换柱

　　这也是在细节题中很经常使用的干扰项设置手法。干扰项中所使用的句子结构、词汇等与原文几乎完全相似，只是在不易引人注意且重要的地方更换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变；或者利用原文中的词来重组编造选项或断章取义，制造疑云，故布迷阵。

　　“回归本位”，返回原文，找到相关出处，将选项与出处句进行两两对照检验。这样，偷梁换柱的选项自然就一目了然了。

　　例如，2007年广东卷阅读理解A篇第三段：

　　Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout tire time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.

　　43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?

　　A. Counting the beating of one’s own heart.

　　B. Making use of candles, sand and water.

　　C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.

　　D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.

　　这道题中的选项D就是属于偷梁换柱的选项，此选项与原文中的“but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time”相差无几，只是把“to tell the time”偷换成了“busy day and night”，从而导致了keep slaves(蓄奴)和keep slaves busy(让奴隶忙碌)的完全不同。