2019年佛山二模英语试题

C

In a recent series of experiments at the University of California, researchers studied toddlers' thinking about winners and losers, bullies（欺凌）and victims.

In the first experiment, toddlers（学步儿童）watched a scene in which two puppets（木偶）had conflicting goals:One was crossing a stage from right to left, and the other from left to right.The puppets met in the middle and stopped.Eventually one puppet bowed down and moved aside, letting the other one pass by.Then researchers asked the toddlers which puppet they liked.The result：20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher-status puppet-the one that did not bow or move aside.It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant（占优势的）and toddlers like winners better than losers.

But then researchers had another question:Do toddlers like winners no matter how they win？So, researchers did another experiment very similar to the one described above.But this time, the conflict ended because one puppet knocked the other down and out of the way.Now when the toddlers were asked who they liked, the results were different Only 4 out of 23 children liked the winner.

These data suggest that children already love a winner by the age of21-31 months.This does not necessarily mean that the preference is inborn：21 months is enough time to learn a lot of things.But if a preference for winners is something we learn, we appear to learn it quite early.

Even more interesting, the preference for winners is not absolute.Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down.This suggests that already by the age of 21-31months, children's liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns, including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.

In a time when the news is full of stories of public figures who celebrate winning at all costs, these results give us much confidence.Humans understand dominance, but we also expect strong individuals to guide, protect and help others.This feels like good news.

28.One of the purposes of the experiments is to _____.

A. teach toddlers how to gain higher status

B. offer toddlers a chance to watch a scene

C. observe the process of toddlers' solving a conflict

D. find out toddlers' attitude toward winners and losers

29.The toddlers regarded bowing and moving aside as a sign of _____.

A. obeying rules  B. gaining status

C. giving in to the other D. showing good manners

30.What does the second experiment tell us about toddlers？

A. They are excellent learners. B. They are always changeable.

C. They show mercy to the loser. D. They value kindness over winning.

31.What does the author think of the results of the series of experiments？

A. Disappointing. B. Encouraging. C. Unexpected. D. Controversial.

D

Nasr Majid started hunting this fall at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge（保护区）on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in USA.He's one of the relatively few new hunters who officials hope will help stop a nearly four-decade decline nationally in what has become a hobby for fewer than 5 percent of Americans.

Natural resources and wildlife officials in Maryland are encouraging hunting of deer, turkeys and some other wild animals, which is believed to be good for the environment.Without hunting, they say, sika deer will overpopulate the wildlife refuge and they'll overeat the bushes and other plants that provide important habitat for birds.On the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, hunting is also important to prevent the spread of diseases such as Lyme.

In many families, the hunting tradition has been handed down for generations.But as longtime sportsmen age and children lose interest, the number of hunters in the United States fell by 2million, from 2011 to 2018, to about 11 million.

“Everything is changing.Kids are growing up in front of video games and computers instead of going hunting.”said Chris Markin, a hunting specialist for the state natural resources department.

“Adults usually focus on working and providing for their families.Those pressures are preventing many other potential hunters from going out, and from raising the next generation of hunters.”

To avoid such a decline, a new approach is needed.Government agencies and nonprofit groups are now launching mentoring（指导）programs to train more hunters, which not only helps preserve an industry and a culture but also means more protection for wildlife and their habitats through deer population control and investment.

Luckily, there are those still eager to learn, like Majid.He was just looking for an outdoor hobby he could share with his children when he came across the mentorship program.Now, he feels capable of hunting on his own, but also has someone he can text with questions that pop up. His new pastime has already paid off for him-on his second hunt with his mentor, in the last minutes of daylight, he bagged his first deer.

32.What can be inferred from Chris Markin's words？

A. The hunting tradition is facing challenges.

B. No one is interested in hunting any more.

C. Parents fail to spend enough time with kids.

D. Hunting adds to many adults' life pressures.

33.In this passage, Nasr Majid is considered as a symbol of______.

A. hope B. bravery C. enthusiasm D. devotion

34.What does the underlined words“new pastime"refer to？

A. Raising questions. B. Learning to hunt.

C. Looking for hunters. D. Sharing a new hobby.

35.What is the best title for the text？

A. Teach Hunters New Skills  B. Preserve a Great Tradition

C. Reduce the Pressure of Life  D. Make Hunting More Popular