高中英语构词法大全

2.后缀

（1）形容词后缀-able “可……的，具有……的”

acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

-al“与……有关的”

physical, magical, political

-an“属于某地方的人”

American African

-ern“方向”

southern, northern, eastern

-ful/ less“（没）有……的”

helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

-ish“如……的；有……特征的”

foolish childish selfish

-ive“有……倾向的”

active attractive expensive

-en“由……制成的”

golden wooden woolen

-ous“有（性质）的”

famous, dangerous, poisonous

-ly “有……性质的”

friendly yearly daily

-y“构成形容词”

noisy dusty cloudy

（2）名词后缀-er / or“表人或用具”

farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

-ese“某国（人）的”

Chinese, Japanese

-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人”

musician, Asian, Russian, technician

-ist“某种主义或职业者”

physicist, scientist, communist，socialist

-ess“表女性，雌性”

hostess, actress, princess

-ment“行为或其状态”

government, movement, achievement

-ness“性质，状态”

illness, sadness, carelessness

-tion“动作，过程，结果”

invention, organization, translation

-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态”

importance, appearance, absence, existence

-th“性质、情况”

depth, warmth, truth

-ful“（满的）量”

handful, spoonful, mouthful

-（a）bility“抽象、性质、状态”

possibility, disability, reliability

-al“过程、状态”

survival, arrival, approval

-y“性质、情况”

modesty, delivery, honesty

-dom“处于……状态；性质”

freedom, boredom

-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果”

courage, storage, marriage

（3）动词后缀-fy / ify“使得；变得”

simplify, beautify, purify

-en“使成为……；变得”

shorten, deepen, sadden

-ize“使成为”

apologize, realize, specialize